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Eid al-Adha: Festival of Sacrifice

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Eid al-Adha, one of the two major Islamic festivals, commemorates Abraham's devotion and is marked by global celebrations and sacrifices.

Eid al-Adha, also known as the 'Feast of Sacrifice', is celebrated on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijja, the final month of the Islamic calendar. It honors the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. The festival continues for three additional days, known as the Tashreeq days.

Etymology and Meaning
  • The Arabic word สฟฤชd means 'festival' or 'holiday'.
  • Adha and Qurbฤn both relate to the concept of sacrifice and offering.
  • In some regions like Iran and the Indian subcontinent, the festival is pronounced Eid al-Azha or Eidul Azha.
Origin and Religious Significance

According to Islamic tradition, Abraham was commanded by God to sacrifice his son, a test of faith which he prepared to carry out. God intervened and provided a ram instead. This event is commemorated during Eid al-Adha with the sacrifice of animals.

Observances and Rituals
  • Muslims perform a special Eid prayer in large congregations, followed by a sermon (khutbah).
  • The ritual sacrifice, or udhiyah, involves animals like sheep, goats, or camels.
  • The meat is divided into three parts: one for the family, one for friends and relatives, and one for the poor.
  • Takbir is recited before and after prayers during the Tashreeq days.
Cultural Traditions Around the World
  • In Pakistan and Afghanistan, women apply henna and children receive gifts.
  • Middle Eastern countries prepare traditional sweets and host feasts.
  • African communities emphasize gift-giving and family gatherings.
Infrastructure and Economic Impacts

In countries like Pakistan, the festival has a significant economic footprint. In 2011, 7.5 million animals were sacrificed, with an estimated market value exceeding $3 billion (over $4.2 billion in 2024 terms). This drives demand in livestock markets, cold chain logistics, and urban infrastructure for waste management and public health services.

Real estate trends often respond to the seasonal influx of consumers and traders in urban centers. Temporary markets, increased hospitality needs, and enhanced transportation contribute to short-term shifts in local economies and infrastructure development.

Conclusion: A Global Celebration with Local Impact

Eid al-Adha is not only a spiritual event but also a time of community, generosity, and economic activity. Its observance reflects both religious devotion and cultural diversity, influencing local economies, infrastructure, and social cohesion across the Muslim world.